Exploring the Mandelbrot Set

Eamonn O'Brien-Strain

This site is a showcase for Mandelbrot set images generated by the almondbread software. For more background on my fascination with this set and the development of the software see Finding Mandelbrot images to use as video conference background

Click on any image to view a full-resolution version, suitable for example as a video conferencing background.

What you are looking at

These are images of the space of complex numbers.

The black area is the Mandelbrot set itself, which are the values of the complex number c such that if you repeatedly iterate zz² + c starting at z=0 the value of |z| stays less than 2. The colored areas surrounding the black of the Mandelbrot set are values of c for which z eventually goes to infinity, with the colors indicating how many iterations until |z|>2

You will also notice a subtle shading which seems to show relief. This is done by considering that the colored bands to be contours on a map and shading it accordingly to show the slope. For a detailed discussion of the algorithm see Hill-Shading the Mandelbrot Set

Out of these simple mathematical operations we get these incredibly complex and fascinating images.

See also monochrome renderings.

Images

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Here we see the whole beetle of the set, with a large cardioid body and a circular head with a proboscis.

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-0.19854 +i1.10018

Here we zoom in 250× into a smaller copy of the beetle that's attached on a filament that extends upward in the positive imaginary direction from the main cardioid.

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0.28439 -i0.01359

Here we looking at a 1,000× magnification of a swirling area on the positive real buttocks of the beetle, with many small beetles floating around.

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0.28443 -i0.01273

This is close by the above image at the same 1000× magnification, focussing on a spiral and a whirlpool.

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-0.79619 -i0.18323

This beautiful and delicate 1,000× magnified structure is in the neck (the gap between the main cardioid and the large circle).

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-0.748986 +i0.055768

Zooming in more to 4000× magnification deep in neck shows a kind of lacework alongside a spiral.

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-0.658448 -i0.466852

Also at 4,000× magnification, on the shoulder of the beetle is this snowflake-like pattern

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-0.715181 -i0.230028

Higher up on the shoulder at 8,000× magnification we find these two spirals trapping a beetle between them.

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0.35938 -i0.09109

Just off the buttox of the main beetle at 8,000× there is this square structure.

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-0.745263 -i0.113042

And even further up into the cleft between the head and body, zooming in a bit to 10,000× we find this beautifully symmetric pair of spirals around a beetle.

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-0.48271895 +i0.53096651

Deep in a cleft off the shoulder at 500,000× magnification is this highly textured structure.

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And now at 2,000,000× magnification we first zoom into the hips of the large beetle and then into a filament coming off one of the small beetles to get this filament which has an even smaller beetle embedded in it.

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-0.596360941 +i0.662749640

Here. magnified a bot more than 2,000,000× we have zoomed into a beetle off the shoulder of the main beetle and then zoomed into the small beetle's anus to reveal this interesting patchwork, and unusual asymmetric distorted beetle

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0.250006

Now we are at more than 8,000,000× magnification deep in the anus of the main beetle, right along the real axis very close to the asymptotic z =¼ point of the cardioid

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0.37001085814 +i0.67143543269

This beetle in a radiating crown at 17,000,000× magnification is embedded in a filament off the main beetle's hips

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-1.99991175020

And now we are down at 130,000,000× magnification at the very left tip of the beetle's proboscis in the negative real axis. The curves are generally smooth here, but lo!, here's another beetle

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-0.999208533756 +i0.302364353482

Here we dive into a filament on the head of beetle where we find a small beetle and dive into a filament on its body toll we get down to an even smaller beetle at 130,000,000× magnification.

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-1.67440967428 +i0.00004716557

We're now at 1,000,000,000× (billion times!) magnification deep in the neck of a small beetle that is out on the proboscis of the main beetle

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We're now just a little beyond 1,000,000,000× magnification off the hips of the main beetle, down through several layers of radiating sunbursts.

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-0.139975337339 -i0.992076239092

Here we are deep (2,000,000,000×) within a filament off the main body passing several levels of beetle as we zoom down.

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-0.749988802386 +i0.006997251234

Here we are at 4,000,000,000× magnification in the narrow crack of the neck where we see this decorative square.

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Now we are at 5,000,000,000× magnification and off the buttocks we find this lovely rosette.

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-0.1827180644448 +i0.6614075685543

Now we are at 70,000,000,000× magnification in the hip, deep down a spiral we find this area sandwiched between two spiral areas.

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-1.5367297734418 +i0.0048808425334

Still at 70,000,000,000× magnification in a little spine off the probiscus, we find this square structure.

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Now we are at 140,000,000,000× magnification off the buttocks of the main beetle, at the very end of the probiscus of a small beetle.

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-1.16706911260479 -i0.29169804375501

Still at 140,000,000,000× magnification on the buttocks of a small beetle that is off the ears of the main beetle.

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-1.25499918723309 +i0.32578646797963

Staying at 140,000,000,000× off the head of a beetle that itself is off the head of the main beetle

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-0.72339816896641 +i0.19406503819411

Yet again at 140,000,000,000× on the shoulder of a beetle that is off the shoulder of the main beetle is this richly textured velvet.

-0.59636078463178 +i0.66274965378928

-0.59636078463178 +i0.66274965378928

Here we we revisit the unusual asymmetric distorted beetle we saw at a bit more than 2,000,000× (2 million) magnification above and zoom into its neck and further down to 200,000,000,000× (200 billion) magnification to find this landscape.

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-1.76853740279050 +i0.00054004950144

Here we go deep 1,000,000,000,000× (trillion!) magnification) into the neck of a small beetle on the proboscis of the main beetle to find this squashed spiral.

-0.743643887037159 +i0.131825904205312

-0.743643887037159 +i0.131825904205312

Here we are at 1,000,000,000,000× magnification in the neck of a beetle that is in the neck of the top-level beetle

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-1.6744096746527182 +i0.000047165698790702304

Here we go 2,000,000,000,000× magnification) into the neck of a smaller beetle along the proboscis to find this square structure.

-0.16089413126577512 +i1.0376191282366105

-0.16089413126577512 +i1.0376191282366105

In the neck of a small beetle on a filament we zoom down through a succession of spirals till we reach 2,000,000,000,000× magnification.

-0.7345612674879727 +i0.3601896136089664

-0.7345612674879727 +i0.3601896136089664

This linear feature at 2,000,000,000,000× magnification is the proboscis of a beetle that's on the filament of a beetle that is off the shoulder of the main beetle.

-1.6744096746527197 +i0.0000471656987933374

-1.6744096746527197 +i0.0000471656987933374

This lovely structure in the neck of a beetle on the proboscis, at 5,000,000,000,000× (5 trillion) is about as deep as we could go using the previous implementation of the almondbread software which used 64-bit double-precision values. Zooming more starts to reveal spacial quantization caused by numerical effects.

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-0.24482766477704102 +i0.8132688560198666

Modifying the almondbread software to use 80-bit double-precision values allows zooming to this unsusal short linear feature at 1,000,000,000,000,000× (one quadrillion) magnification.

mandelbrot.dev website by Eamonn O'Brien-Strain is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 CC by NC ND